Accelerate the development of deep sea aquaculture and build a "blue granary" - the person in charge of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs answered reporters' questions on the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Deep Sea Aquaculture"

Q: What is the significance of developing deep-sea aquaculture? What positive effects will it play?

Answer: The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of deep-sea aquaculture. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should establish a big food concept, develop facility agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system. The No. 1 Central Document in 2023 proposed the development of deep-sea aquaculture such as deep-water cages and aquaculture work vessels. In April this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on vigorously developing deep-sea aquaculture during his inspection in Guangdong. The development of deep-sea aquaculture is of great significance in several aspects:

First, it is conducive to increasing the supply of high-quality aquatic products. Food security is “the most important thing in a country.” Aquatic products are important agricultural products that can increase the total amount of food and ease the supply pressure of staple grains and livestock and poultry products. In recent years, with the development of economy and society, the demand of Chinese residents for seawater products has increased rigidly. With the space for aquaculture on land and offshore becoming tighter, the potential for aquaculture development mainly lies in the deep sea.

　Second, it is conducive to accelerating the modernization and upgrading of marine aquaculture. Compared with traditional breeding methods, deep-sea breeding facilities and equipment are more advanced, breeding technology is more advanced, and the industrial chain is more complete. The production of gravity-type cages is intensive and efficient, the truss-type cages are automatic and intelligent, and the breeding vessels can independently cruise to choose suitable sea areas to avoid disasters. Deep-sea aquaculture can also effectively drive aquatic breeding, prepared vegetable processing and other related industries, extending the industrial chain and improving the value chain.

　Third, it is conducive to protecting the marine ecological environment. The water quality in the deep-sea aquaculture deployment area is better, the flow rate is faster, and the ecological capacity of the sea area is larger. Fish grow in a natural environment, with less disease and less medication. The waste from farming can be properly disposed of and has a relatively small impact on the environment.

Q: What is the current situation of deep-sea aquaculture in my country? What achievements have been achieved?

Answer: In the 1990s, my country began to introduce and promote the application of gravity cages, which have now become the most important and mature farming model for deep sea farming. Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", a number of advanced and suitable truss cages and breeding vessels have emerged in coastal areas, and deep-sea breeding has accelerated.

Judging from the scale of breeding, more than 20,000 gravity cages, 40 truss cages, and 4 breeding boats have been built nationwide. In 2022, there will be 4,398 deep sea breeding water bodies nationwide. 10,000 cubic meters, with an output of 393,000 tons, an increase of 3.3 times and 2.4 times respectively compared with the initial stage of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", accounting for more than 20% of the marine fish aquaculture output.

Judging from the level of equipment, gravity cages can already be cultured in sea areas with a water depth of 20 meters. Guangdong’s “Dehai No. 1” truss cage has passed the inspection of typhoon level 17. The safety performance of cage structures has been continuously improved. Shandong's "Guoxin No. 1" breeding work vessel can cruise for breeding, pioneering the "ship-mounted cabin breeding" breeding technology.

From the perspective of cultured species, the large yellow croaker "Yongdai No. 1", "Fufa No. 1" and golden pomfret "Chenhai No. 1" cultivated in coastal areas are suitable for deep sea culture. The breeding of new species such as Atlantic salmon, Xu's flat catfish, and cobia has been accelerated.

From the perspective of the policy support system, since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have provided subsidies for the construction of deep-sea aquaculture facilities and equipment through fishery development subsidy policies. The National Development and Reform Commission’s marine ranch construction project, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s first (set) major technical equipment promotion and application project, and the Ministry of Science and Technology’s “Blue Granary Science and Technology Innovation” national key R&D plan have all given great attention to the development of deep-sea aquaculture. Great support. Coastal local people's governments at all levels have also introduced a series of supporting policies in terms of finance, finance, property rights, and sea use to encourage the construction of deep-sea aquaculture equipment and improve the supporting industrial chain.

Q: What are the reasons for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to jointly issue the "Opinions" with 7 departments?

Answer: Deep sea aquaculture is an emerging industry and a complex systematic project involving aquaculture production, equipment construction, ecological environmental protection, technological innovation, inspection and registration, and production safety. , sea management and other aspects require corresponding management departments to perform their respective duties and coordinate and cooperate. During the drafting process of the Opinions, our Ministry worked closely with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission toThe Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Transport, and the China Coast Guard actively communicate and coordinate, clarify the division of functions, and improve the supervision and coordination mechanism. Specifically, the agriculture and rural (fishery) department is responsible for the supervision and management of deep-sea aquaculture production, and takes the lead in establishing a regulatory collaboration mechanism in which all relevant departments participate. The natural resources department is responsible for the supervision of the use of breeding sea areas, the ecological environment department is responsible for the supervision of the breeding ecological environment, the maritime department is responsible for the supervision of the navigation safety of gravity cages, truss cages and breeding platform construction operations, the coast guard and fishery administration, marine and Law enforcement agencies in the fields of ecological environment and other fields should do a good job in relevant law enforcement and supervision within the scope of their duties. For deep-sea aquaculture projects that integrate tourism, catering, accommodation and other production and operation activities, the local people's government where the project is located should make overall arrangements so that all departments can form a joint regulatory force and leave no regulatory gaps.

Q: What are the overall ideas and considerations of the "Opinions"?

Answer: The "Opinions" thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech on establishing a big food concept and asking for food from rivers, lakes and seas, in accordance with "market-led, scientific layout With the working philosophy of "technology-led, green ecology, and safe development", the entire industrial chain and all links will promote the high-quality development of deep-sea aquaculture, increase the supply of high-quality aquatic products, and promote the construction of a diversified food supply system.

Adhere to market leadership, the government plays a supporting and guiding role, and fully respects the market mechanism. The process and scale of the development of deep-sea aquaculture are determined by the market. Adhere to scientific layout and plan the layout of deep-sea aquaculture on the basis of fully evaluating economic, safety, environmental protection and other factors to promote the standardized and orderly development of the industry. Adhere to the leadership of science and technology, be oriented by industrial demand, gather forces to increase scientific research on key core technologies such as facilities and equipment, seeds, feed, and breeding management, and enhance independent innovation capabilities. Adhere to green ecology, integrate the concept of green development throughout the entire process of deep-sea aquaculture, and promote the coordinated development of production and ecology. Adhere to safe development, firmly establish the concept of safe development, and effectively ensure production safety, biological safety, product quality safety and national food supply safety.

Q: What are the mission requirements for promoting the development of deep-sea aquaculture? What are the highlights of "Opinions"?

Answer: The "Opinions" include a total of 10 policy measures, focusing on overall requirements, spatial layout, development of the entire industry chain, ecological environmental protection, technological innovation, inspection and registration, safe production, Comprehensive arrangements have been made in terms of regulatory collaboration, policy support, organizational leadership, etc.

First, plan first and optimize the space layout. Development of deep-sea aquacultureIt is in line with the development stage of productivity and does not emphasize blindly going deep and far. It must comply with the requirements of land spatial planning and tidal flat planning for breeding waters, and apply for real estate certificates and tidal flat breeding certificates in accordance with the law. Those who engage in integrated tourism and other activities must obtain business licenses from relevant competent authorities and accept supervision.

　The second is to put efficiency first and promote the development of the entire industry chain. We must extend the industrial chain, improve the processing and circulation system, strengthen brand building, and achieve high quality and low prices. Establish a mechanism to connect farmers with farmers and benefit farmers, and improve the socialized service system for deep-sea aquaculture.

The third is to standardize production behavior based on ecology. Promote ecological and healthy breeding, scientifically determine breeding models, varieties and densities, promote green ecological disease prevention technologies, standardize the use of inputs, and improve quality and safety control systems. Deep-sea aquaculture must carry out environmental impact assessments in accordance with the law, equip pollution prevention and control facilities and equipment and use them in accordance with regulations.

Fourth, technology leads the way and promotes innovative development. Increase the research and development of wind and wave-resistant breeding equipment, high-strength anti-adhesion netting, intelligent management and control equipment, and safety and environmental protection equipment. We will improve the aquatic seed industry and select and breed a number of new species suitable for deep-sea aquaculture.

　Fifth, safety is the top priority and safety production supervision should be strengthened. Clear inspection and registration requirements, stipulating that breeding work vessels must pass the inspection by the ship inspection agency and be registered as breeding fishing vessels. The construction of gravity cages and truss cages must comply with regulatory standards and be registered by the designated department of the local people's government. . Consolidate the responsibilities of production and operation entities, require the necessary safety facilities, equipment and personnel, establish a safety management system, and properly carry out emergency response.

The sixth is to promote classification and promote typical models. Considering aspects such as economy and maturity of technical support, my country's deep-sea aquaculture mainly focuses on gravity cages, moderately develops truss cages, and develops aquaculture vessels in an orderly manner. Actively establish a model for the development of deep-sea aquaculture and implement the "Five Major Actions" to promote green and healthy aquatic aquaculture technology.

Question: How to ensure that the relevant task requirements of the "Opinions" are implemented and effective?

Answer: The "Opinions" also clearly stipulate the safeguard measures for the implementation of various measures:

Firstly, Strengthen work promotion. All regions and relevant departments must conscientiously implement the essence of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on establishing a big food concept.God, effectively strengthen organizational leadership, give full play to the role of collaboration mechanisms, and form a joint force for supervision. Formulate and implement specific policies to support, guarantee and regulate the development of deep-sea aquaculture, and effectively solve the "blocking points" and "pain points" in the development of deep-sea aquaculture. Carefully sum up experience, formulate development plans and work plans for deep sea aquaculture according to local conditions, and do a good job in project introduction, cultivation, industrial supporting facilities and infrastructure construction.

　The second is to increase investment protection. The central government provides support to the development of deep-sea aquaculture through existing channels. Encourage local governments to increase investment in breeding, disease prevention and control, research and development of feed and veterinary drugs, equipment construction, and industrial chain cultivation, provide interest discounts on commercial loans for deep-sea aquaculture, and improve deep-sea aquaculture insurance. Guide local governments to implement relevant provisions on the overall demonstration of sea area use, shorten the approval process, reduce or exempt sea area use fees in accordance with the law, and reduce institutional costs.

　The third is to summarize and promote. Support qualified regions to create national-level aquatic healthy aquaculture and ecological aquaculture demonstration zones with deep-sea aquaculture types, and use the demonstration zones as a carrier to promote industrial agglomeration, industrial chain construction, infrastructure and public service system construction.